Linux System Programming

Linux is used in almost all system domains (Networking/Telecom) and also most of the RTOS are very similar to Linux.
So learning of Linux programming will help you in understanding and work easily in system domain as well as in embedded systems.

➢ The GNU C Library and System Calls

• Library Goals
• Library Standards
• GNU C Library – glibc
• Library Functions vs. System Calls
• Using System Calls
• Handling Errors with errno
• Making Sense of errno
• Using strace

➢ Program Arguments and Environment

• Program Startup
• Using argc/argv
• Handling Options with getopt()
• Handling Options with getopt_long()
• Environment
• Manipulating the Environment
• Program Exit
• Registering Exit Handlers

➢ Building Libraries

• Why Use Libraries?
• Static Versus Shared
• Static Library Benefits
• Shared Library Benefits
• Creating a Static Library
• Using Static Libraries
• Creating a Shared Library
• Using Shared Libraries
• Shared Library Management
• Library Locations
• ldconfig

➢ Time Functions

• When Does Time Begin?
• Time Data Types
• Determining Real Time
• Converting time_t
• Converting tm Structure
• Process Time
• Time arithmetic
• Second Resolution Timers
• Fine-Grained Timers
• Real Time Clock (RTC)

➢ Process Management

• What a Process Is
• Process Relationships
• Create a Child Process
• Doing Something Else
• Related execve() Functions
• Wait For a Child
• More Precise Waiting
• Changing Priority/Nice
• Real Time Priority

➢ Memory Operations

• Allocating/Freeing Memory
• Memory Alignment
• Locked Memory
• Memory Copy/Initialization
• Memory Comparison/Search

➢ Debugging

• What Is My Program Doing?
• Source Level Debugging
• Invoking gdb
• Getting Started with gdb
• Examining and Changing Memory
• Debuginfo Libraries
• Using gdb with a Running Process
• Using gdb to Autopsy a Crash
• Debugging Libraries – ElectricFence
• Debugging with valgrind
• Profiling for Performance

➢ Basic File Operations

• Stream vs. System Calls
• Opening/Closing Streams
• Stream Input/Output Functions
• Stream Status/Errors
• Stream File Positioning
• Stream Buffering
• Temporary/Scratch Files
• Opening/Closing File Descriptors
• File Descriptor I/O
• Repositioning File Descriptors
• Stream/File Descriptor Conversions
• cat using ANSI I/O
• cat using POSIX I/O

➢ Communicating with Pipes

• Introduction to Pipes
• Standard I/O: popen()/pclose()
• Using popen()/pclose()
• System Call: pipe()
• Using pipe()
• Named Pipes
• Using Named Pipes
• For Further Reading

➢ Managing Signals

• What Signals Are
• Blocking/Checking Signals
• Working with Signal Sets
• Example of Blocking Signals
• Handling Signals with sigaction()
• igaction() Example
• Handling Signals with signal()
• Sending Signals

➢ Programming with Threads

• Introducing Threaded Programming
• Applications Suited to Threads
• Building Threaded Programs
• Creating Threads
• Thread Identity
• Synchronizing by Joining
• Detaching Threads
• Stopping Threads
• Synchronizing with Mutexes
• Using Mutexes
• Read/Write Locks
• Conditional Variables
• Using Conditional Variables

➢ Advanced File Operations

• Directory Operations
• File System Operations
• Multiplexed I/O with select()
• Miscellaneous I/O Functions
• Memory Mapped I/O
• Using Memory Mapped I/O
• File Locking

➢ Interprocess Communication

• Interprocess Communication (IPC)
• POSIX IPC Overview
• POSIX Shared Memory
• POSIX Semaphores
• POSIX Message Queues
• System V IPC Overview
• System V IPC Shared Memory
• System V IPC Semaphore Arrays