Advanced Embedded Systems Introduction to C language

Features of C

• History
• Structure of C Program.
• Keywords, Identifiers, Variables and Constants

Data Types

• Primitive Data Types.
• Aggregated Data Types.

Operators

• Binary Operators
• Unary Operators
• Ternary Operators
• Special Operators
• Order of evaluation.

Preprocessor features Control-Flow Statements

• The Control-Flow Program Statements
• Looping Statements
• The Data-checking process

Functions

• Role of Functions
• Passing arguments to functions
• Returning values from functions
• Recursive Functions
• Callback functions
• Implications on Stack
• Pass by value/reference

Arrays

• Defining, initializing and using arrays
• Multi Dimensional arrays
• Arrays of Characters and Strings
• Arrays and pointers
• Passing arrays to functions
• String handling and its library functions

Storage Classes

• Scope and lifetime of a variable
• Internal
• External/Global
• Automatic
• Static
• Register
• Volatile

Structures & Unions

• Usage of Structures
• Declaration, initialization and accessing
• Nested Structures
• Array of structures
• Allocation of memory and holes
• Unions

Bitwise Operators

• AND (&), OR (|), XOR (^)
• Compliment (~)
• Left-shift (<<), Right-shift (>>)
• Masking, Setting and Testing of Bit/Bits

Pointers

• The purpose of pointers
• Defining pointers
• The & and * operators
• Pointer assignment
• Pointers with functions
• Pointer to Pointer
• Pointers to Arrays
• Arrays of Pointers
• Void Pointers
• Call By value and Call by reference
• Advanced pointer types
• Pointers to functions
• Pointers and Strings
• Pointers and Dynamic memory

Command line arguments & Dynamic Memory Allocation

• Allocation (Malloc, Calloc, Realloc)
• De-Allocation(Free)

Variable Number of Arguments

• Implementation of printf()
• Implementation of scanf()

Data Structures

• Introduction
• Linked Lists
• Stacks & Queues
• Stacks Using Arrays
• Stacks Using Linked List
• Queues using Arrays
• Queues using Linked List.
• Circular Queues
• Single Linked List
• Circular Linked List
• Double Linked List
• Infix, Prefix and Postfix Expressions
• Trees
• Binary Trees
• Binary Search Trees
• Graphs
• Hashing

Sorting and Searching Techniques

• Insertion sort
• Selection sort
• Bubble sort
• Merge sort
• Quick sort
• Heap sort
• Linear search
• Binary search

File Handling Concepts

• Concept of a FILE data type
• File Input, Output operations
• Sequential Files
• Random Access Files

Standard I/O Library Functions

• fopen,fread,fwrite,fclose,fseek
• Relationship between file descriptor
• and FILE pointer
• Character at a time I/O
• Line at a time I/O
• Formatted I/O

Reading and Writing Structures to Files

• In Ascii format
• In Binary format
• Modifying a structure in the file